synchronous message passing - определение. Что такое synchronous message passing
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Что (кто) такое synchronous message passing - определение

MECHANISM FOR INTERPROCESS COMMUNICATION
Message passing programming; Message Passing; Message-based protocol; Message-passing; Message-based; Message (object-oriented programming); Asynchronous message passing; Synchronous message passing

message passing         
One of the two techniques for communicating between parallel processes (the other being shared memory). A common use of message passing is for communication in a parallel computer. A process running on one processor may send a message to a process running on the same processor or another. The actual transmission of the message is usually handled by the run-time support of the language in which the processes are written, or by the operating system. Message passing scales better than shared memory, which is generally used in computers with relatively few processors. This is because the total communications bandwidth usually increases with the number of processors. A message passing system provides primitives for sending and receiving messages. These primitives may by either synchronous or asynchronous or both. A synchronous send will not complete (will not allow the sender to proceed) until the receiving process has received the message. This allows the sender to know whether the message was received successfully or not (like when you speak to someone on the telephone). An asynchronous send simply queues the message for transmission without waiting for it to be received (like posting a letter). A synchronous receive primitive will wait until there is a message to read whereas an asynchronous receive will return immediately, either with a message or to say that no message has arrived. Messages may be sent to a named process or to a named mailbox which may be readable by one or many processes. Transmission involves determining the location of the recipient and then choosing a route to reach that location. The message may be transmitted in one go or may be split into packets which are transmitted independently (e.g. using wormhole routing) and reassembled at the receiver. The message passing system must ensure that sufficient memory is available to buffer the message at its destination and at intermediate nodes. Messages may be typed or untyped at the programming language level. They may have a priority, allowing the receiver to read the highest priority messages first. Some message passing computers are the {MIT J-Machine (http://ai.mit.edu/projects/cva/cva_j_machine.html)}, the {Illinois Concert Project (http://www-csag.cs.uiuc.edu/projects/concert.html)} and transputer-based systems. Object-oriented programming uses message passing between objects as a metaphor for procedure call. (1994-11-11)
Message passing in computer clusters         
  • sending messages]] over a network
  • The [[IBM Roadrunner]] cluster supercomputer
  • The [[Virginia Tech]] [[Xserve]] cluster of [[Apple computer]]s
ASPECT OF COMPUTER CLUSTERS
Message passing in computer cluster; PARAVER
Message passing is an inherent element of all computer clusters. All computer clusters, ranging from homemade Beowulfs to some of the fastest supercomputers in the world, rely on message passing to coordinate the activities of the many nodes they encompass.
synchronous motor         
  • The rotating magnetic field is formed from the sum of the magnetic field vectors of the three phases of the stator windings.
  • DC-excited motor, 1917. The exciter is clearly seen at the rear of the machine.
  • Rotor of a large water pump. The slip rings can be seen below the rotor drum.
  • Stator winding of a large water pump
  • Small synchronous motor with integral stepdown gear from a microwave oven
  • Teletype]] machine, non-excited rotor type, manufactured from 1930 to 1955
  • V-curve of a synchronous machine
MOTOR WITH ROTATION SYNCHRONIZED TO THE SUPPLY CURRENT FREQUENCY
Synchronous machine; Permanent magnet synchronous motor; PMSM; Permanent-magnet synchronous motor; Permanent-magnet motor; Senkron motor; Permanent magnet synchronous; Synchronous electric motor
¦ noun an electric motor having a speed exactly proportional to the current frequency.

Википедия

Message passing

In computer science, message passing is a technique for invoking behavior (i.e., running a program) on a computer. The invoking program sends a message to a process (which may be an actor or object) and relies on that process and its supporting infrastructure to then select and run some appropriate code. Message passing differs from conventional programming where a process, subroutine, or function is directly invoked by name. Message passing is key to some models of concurrency and object-oriented programming.

Message passing is ubiquitous in modern computer software. It is used as a way for the objects that make up a program to work with each other and as a means for objects and systems running on different computers (e.g., the Internet) to interact. Message passing may be implemented by various mechanisms, including channels.